阿瑟·米勒创作的《推销员之死》对现代家庭教育的警示与指导
阿瑟·米勒创作的《推销员之死》对现代家庭教育的警示与指导
阿瑟·米勒创作的《推销员之死》是现代戏剧经典作品之一，它不仅是西方现代悲剧的典范，在中国也广受欢迎。对于《推销员之死》悲剧的原因，中外很多专家都进行了各方面的剖析，主要包括其社会背景、人物性格、生活环境等多方面。本论文将从家庭教育这一方面探究造成这一悲剧的原因，以及对现代家庭教育的警示与指导。
本论文主要从两方面进行：父亲威利的母亲琳达的价值观和教育方式对孩子的影响；洛曼一家教育方式引起的反思。国内对这一问题也曾有过研究，对这一悲剧中家庭教育对孩子的影响进行了探究，主要从主人公威力的性格和人生遭遇以及对两个孩子的教育这些方面进行阐述。虽然研究的方式多种多样，但最终的研究并不深入，得出的结论也只不过是浅层次的，尤其是对于教育缺失对现如今的启发很少去深究。本文除了分析造成洛曼一家悲剧的原因之外，更对比了中外教育的异同，这不仅可以弥补该方面研究不足，更能对我们的家庭和社会做出警示。
关键词: 性格 父母 教育方式 家庭教育 比较
Death of a salesman is Miller's first Pulitzer prize-winning success, and his representative work with international reputation. It is also the one of the most popular books in the history of the “American dream” with a lot of controversy in newspapers, magazines in which all kinds of comments appeared. Some people think that this is the intention of the American business system, but the result is just painted a little down and fail. Other publication called it “a kind of spirit building in the United States time bomb”. (Ying Ruocheng, 1986, 8) “Miller was considered as the one of the most important American playwrights in this century.” (Zhou, 1991, 49 ) “Actually there are many people like Willy snoozing their time, and slowly indulged in the "American dream”. Over seventy percent worries about money according to a survey made by the ladies’ Home Journal. (Dale Carnegie, 1995, 382)
At the beginning of the story, the exhausted traveling salesman Willy Lowman carries two extra-large sample cases and totters to the middle of the stage through the kitchen and then he puts down the box, and then he said: "I was so tired. I can do. I can do." (Act1, 1) At the beginning of the first sense, the salesman looked in a daze. His career is collapsing, and his mind is full of memories of the past life. He is a pushy good father, but his sons have nothing now. All sorts of past events and all sorts of voice exist in his mind, which reflects his quick buck's life. He doesn't educate his children to have the quality of honesty and hard work. On the contrary, his unrealistic dream instilled in them. His sons Biff and Happy plan to open a sporting goods store and dream that they can go from rags to riches overnight. Willy will also go to New York for a job inside. Doomed as a result, they are. Father is fired. At the same time, sons do not borrow any money. Willy is disappointed after hearing his son accuse his unrealistic dreams and conscience. Unexpectedly, he hopes to use this method to get the comfortable life and insurance money to help his sons do business. Willy Lowman dies in his dream with remorse and guilt. In a sense as Zhang Yun said Willy’s death was not a result of despairs completely but stemmed from a father’s love. (Zhang, 1999, 201)
“If love, marriage, children and professions does not provide much satisfaction to characters in contemporary fiction, then we are hardly surprised to find other kinds of success similarity absent.” (Hathryn Hame, 1989, 275) For this kind of tragedy, the reason is more from his parenting education than from children themselves. However if he really could come back to life and change the way of educating his two children, the result would be better than now.
Chapter 1 The Analysis of Protagonists and Family Education
1.1 Willy’s Distorted Values and Character
Willy just dreams of love from others. He hopes to compensate the smiling face with polished leather shoes to follow his idol whose career is successful. He talks a lot to escape from reality. He even hopes that his fantasy is true. His confusion of fantasy and reality leads to his tragic fate. By contrast, his biggest failure is that he mislead his sons and become a failure example. He has obstinately refused to admit the identity of the losers - a terrible salesman and a terrible father who only complains: “Because the new boss doesn't understand your career ideal so you didn’t succeed. This is like eating oranges which are removed the peel. Son Biff is good for nothing because that bitch math teacher ruined his life”. He always speak this words but he never thought to search reasons on sons themselves. He doesn’t realize principle the law of the jungle. (Nourse, 1997, 222) Willy experience a sort of revelation, as he finally comes to understand that the product he sells is himself. Miller always has a idea that ‘ Everybody was trying sell something to everybody else ’. (Miller, 1986, 177) When he realizes he could no longer continue to deceive himself. Sons become his power of the living but finally he leaves Biff and Happy to exchange for a $twenty thousand insurance for his sons’ big business. The little dream takes to the point of no return, but he doesn't consider the suicide is not covered. In a nutshell, Willy’s values become extreme distortion in this brutal reality which has made him lose enthusiasm in life. Would you want to be a loser of life? No, nobody wants to be. So Willy walks toward death step by step with uncertainty, regret, and trust in yourself, love of family, hopes for the son. His suicide is the character of complex factors and is the inevitable result of the conflict as well. However, perhaps we can analyze this tragedy from other aspect. This story seems to be familiar to us, though it happened far from today. There is no doubt that Willy's life is a tragedy. He ended his life by a kind of extreme way for twenty thousand dollar insurance benefit.
Willy is eager to look that his sons can be successful men and can be popular persons, which is a little dream that every parent hope to realize. This is no ground for blame. He feels satisfied for he was having an affair with another woman, but at the same time he also feels guilty so he is not so bad as a hopeless man. He is such a strong and weak people and seems to have lived in the corner of the street. He goes the same subway to work every day and in a fast food restaurant he buys a cheap lunch at noon. He is our colleague, neighbor, is our own. In any city, there are a countless Willy who carry a second-rate designer bag that is bought when it is discount in a hurry to rush about on the way to make a living. Willy desires for success, this thought may be a little bit more than others which causes him to be unable to face failure so that heavy mental pressure made him lose the ability to work. In reality he also can't communicate with people well. In dreamland, Ben is the representative of this desire "as long as go out, I can get rich". He holds this desire and sends to his children the same thought; at the consequence, the next generation will continue the same sorrow.
阿瑟·米勒创作的《推销员之死》是现代戏剧经典作品之一，它不仅是西方现代悲剧的典范，在中国也广受欢迎。对于《推销员之死》悲剧的原因，中外很多专家都进行了各方面的剖析，主要包括其社会背景、人物性格、生活环境等多方面。本论文将从家庭教育这一方面探究造成这一悲剧的原因，以及对现代家庭教育的警示与指导。
本论文主要从两方面进行：父亲威利的母亲琳达的价值观和教育方式对孩子的影响；洛曼一家教育方式引起的反思。国内对这一问题也曾有过研究，对这一悲剧中家庭教育对孩子的影响进行了探究，主要从主人公威力的性格和人生遭遇以及对两个孩子的教育这些方面进行阐述。虽然研究的方式多种多样，但最终的研究并不深入，得出的结论也只不过是浅层次的，尤其是对于教育缺失对现如今的启发很少去深究。本文除了分析造成洛曼一家悲剧的原因之外，更对比了中外教育的异同，这不仅可以弥补该方面研究不足，更能对我们的家庭和社会做出警示。
关键词: 性格 父母 教育方式 家庭教育 比较
Death of a salesman is Miller's first Pulitzer prize-winning success, and his representative work with international reputation. It is also the one of the most popular books in the history of the “American dream” with a lot of controversy in newspapers, magazines in which all kinds of comments appeared. Some people think that this is the intention of the American business system, but the result is just painted a little down and fail. Other publication called it “a kind of spirit building in the United States time bomb”. (Ying Ruocheng, 1986, 8) “Miller was considered as the one of the most important American playwrights in this century.” (Zhou, 1991, 49 ) “Actually there are many people like Willy snoozing their time, and slowly indulged in the "American dream”. Over seventy percent worries about money according to a survey made by the ladies’ Home Journal. (Dale Carnegie, 1995, 382)
At the beginning of the story, the exhausted traveling salesman Willy Lowman carries two extra-large sample cases and totters to the middle of the stage through the kitchen and then he puts down the box, and then he said: "I was so tired. I can do. I can do." (Act1, 1) At the beginning of the first sense, the salesman looked in a daze. His career is collapsing, and his mind is full of memories of the past life. He is a pushy good father, but his sons have nothing now. All sorts of past events and all sorts of voice exist in his mind, which reflects his quick buck's life. He doesn't educate his children to have the quality of honesty and hard work. On the contrary, his unrealistic dream instilled in them. His sons Biff and Happy plan to open a sporting goods store and dream that they can go from rags to riches overnight. Willy will also go to New York for a job inside. Doomed as a result, they are. Father is fired. At the same time, sons do not borrow any money. Willy is disappointed after hearing his son accuse his unrealistic dreams and conscience. Unexpectedly, he hopes to use this method to get the comfortable life and insurance money to help his sons do business. Willy Lowman dies in his dream with remorse and guilt. In a sense as Zhang Yun said Willy’s death was not a result of despairs completely but stemmed from a father’s love. (Zhang, 1999, 201)
“If love, marriage, children and professions does not provide much satisfaction to characters in contemporary fiction, then we are hardly surprised to find other kinds of success similarity absent.” (Hathryn Hame, 1989, 275) For this kind of tragedy, the reason is more from his parenting education than from children themselves. However if he really could come back to life and change the way of educating his two children, the result would be better than now.
Chapter 1 The Analysis of Protagonists and Family Education
1.1 Willy’s Distorted Values and Character
Willy just dreams of love from others. He hopes to compensate the smiling face with polished leather shoes to follow his idol whose career is successful. He talks a lot to escape from reality. He even hopes that his fantasy is true. His confusion of fantasy and reality leads to his tragic fate. By contrast, his biggest failure is that he mislead his sons and become a failure example. He has obstinately refused to admit the identity of the losers - a terrible salesman and a terrible father who only complains: “Because the new boss doesn't understand your career ideal so you didn’t succeed. This is like eating oranges which are removed the peel. Son Biff is good for nothing because that bitch math teacher ruined his life”. He always speak this words but he never thought to search reasons on sons themselves. He doesn’t realize principle the law of the jungle. (Nourse, 1997, 222) Willy experience a sort of revelation, as he finally comes to understand that the product he sells is himself. Miller always has a idea that ‘ Everybody was trying sell something to everybody else ’. (Miller, 1986, 177) When he realizes he could no longer continue to deceive himself. Sons become his power of the living but finally he leaves Biff and Happy to exchange for a $twenty thousand insurance for his sons’ big business. The little dream takes to the point of no return, but he doesn't consider the suicide is not covered. In a nutshell, Willy’s values become extreme distortion in this brutal reality which has made him lose enthusiasm in life. Would you want to be a loser of life? No, nobody wants to be. So Willy walks toward death step by step with uncertainty, regret, and trust in yourself, love of family, hopes for the son. His suicide is the character of complex factors and is the inevitable result of the conflict as well. However, perhaps we can analyze this tragedy from other aspect. This story seems to be familiar to us, though it happened far from today. There is no doubt that Willy's life is a tragedy. He ended his life by a kind of extreme way for twenty thousand dollar insurance benefit.
Willy is eager to look that his sons can be successful men and can be popular persons, which is a little dream that every parent hope to realize. This is no ground for blame. He feels satisfied for he was having an affair with another woman, but at the same time he also feels guilty so he is not so bad as a hopeless man. He is such a strong and weak people and seems to have lived in the corner of the street. He goes the same subway to work every day and in a fast food restaurant he buys a cheap lunch at noon. He is our colleague, neighbor, is our own. In any city, there are a countless Willy who carry a second-rate designer bag that is bought when it is discount in a hurry to rush about on the way to make a living. Willy desires for success, this thought may be a little bit more than others which causes him to be unable to face failure so that heavy mental pressure made him lose the ability to work. In reality he also can't communicate with people well. In dreamland, Ben is the representative of this desire "as long as go out, I can get rich". He holds this desire and sends to his children the same thought; at the consequence, the next generation will continue the same sorrow.
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