《远大前程》看狄更斯的道德观
《远大前程》看狄更斯的道德观
查尔斯·狄更斯是十九世纪英国最伟大的批判现实主义作家之一。在英国小说的发展过程中，狄更斯的批判现实主义写作风格对于英国小说写作风格做出了重大贡献。查尔斯·狄更斯的许多作品从不同侧面向读者展示了资本主义社会的道德沦陷和人性的伪善。狄更斯的代表作之一《远大前程》就从主人公以及其他几位人物的复杂的道德品质来批判当时英国资本主义社会的道德沦陷，从而折射出狄更斯的社会道德观。本文主要分析其中三位人物对于生活及亲友的态度变化来审视其道德观的曲折发展，总结出作者的道德观。
关键词 查尔斯·狄更斯，《远大前程》，人性，道德观
1 Introduction1
2 Different Characters’ Moral Qualities2
2.1 Pip’s Kindness and Generosity2
2.2 Miss Havisham’s Cruelty and Self-interest4
2.3 Joe Gargery’s Kindheartedness and Honesty6
3 Charles Dickens’ Moral Values7
3.1 The Main Content of Dickens’ Moral Values8
3.2 The Formation of Dickens’ Moral Values9
Conclusion12
Acknowledgements13
References14
Charles Dickens is one of the 19th outstanding representative critical realists of England who was born at Portsmouth in 1812 and had five years’ happy boyhood in Chatham. Most of his novels reproduce London and Keat frequently for that he spends most of his time over there. However, after his family is taken to the Marshalsea Prison of London for heavy debt, Dickens begins to live in poverty and his education is interrupted. Later, on account of his miserable experience in factory, he dares not walk by the place where the factory has lain.
Living in the Victorian period, Dickens witnesses wealthy capitalists and starving workers who lived under the background of industrial revolution which, to some extent, influences his literary creation. Stefan Zweig comments that “The genius who most fully expressed his contemporaries in the common interest,” (Zweig, 2009: 135) Dickens creates a large number of classical works by his talent and diligence. During his life, he creates about 15 major novels, among which are Oliver Twist (1838), The Old Curiosity Shop (1841), A Christmas Carol (1843), Dombey and Son (1848), David Copperfield (1850), Bleak House (1853), A Tale of Two Cities (1859), Great Expectations (1861). Great Expectations is a novel first serialized in All the Year Round from December 1860 to August 1861. It is not only regarded as one of his greatest and most sophisticated novels, but also as one of his most enduringly popular novels. It has been adapted for stage and screen over 250 times.
The great success of Great Expectations makes it translated into a variety of versions and many critics lavished their praise upon it. Great Expectations has received many reviews from eminent scholars at home and from abroad from all angles. There are different wide-ranging research works on Great Expectations which concern themes, characters, plots, symbolisms, social criticism and so on. Many researchers study the novel from the aspect of critical realism. Many critics argue that British critical realism originally has the factor which powerfully preaches about morality. Philip Collins points out that “Indeed, though overtly less autobiographical than David Copperfield, Great Expectations is a more searching and self-critical account of Dickens’ own inner impulses,” (Collins, 1964: 178) Guo Chunlin in his Glory of Human Nature-Thoughts on Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations argues that Dickens’ criticism of society is almost exclusively moral. He has no plan to change society; his target is human nature. As for characters, Qian Haimin thinks that Dicken’s moral values are mainly reflected on the positive character, negative character and middle character who are Joe, Miss Havisham and Pip. As for themes, Irina-Ana Drobot thinks that “the main theme of this novel is about travelling and education,” (Drobot, 2013: 57) Robin Gilmour calls that “Great Expectations is arguably the best example of a bildungsroman of morality in English,” (Gilmour, 1994: 25) Zhang Boxiang thinks that the theme that reflects in Great Expectations is very simple: love, loyalty and conscience are more important than treasure and social status.
查尔斯·狄更斯是十九世纪英国最伟大的批判现实主义作家之一。在英国小说的发展过程中，狄更斯的批判现实主义写作风格对于英国小说写作风格做出了重大贡献。查尔斯·狄更斯的许多作品从不同侧面向读者展示了资本主义社会的道德沦陷和人性的伪善。狄更斯的代表作之一《远大前程》就从主人公以及其他几位人物的复杂的道德品质来批判当时英国资本主义社会的道德沦陷，从而折射出狄更斯的社会道德观。本文主要分析其中三位人物对于生活及亲友的态度变化来审视其道德观的曲折发展，总结出作者的道德观。
关键词 查尔斯·狄更斯，《远大前程》，人性，道德观
1 Introduction1
2 Different Characters’ Moral Qualities2
2.1 Pip’s Kindness and Generosity2
2.2 Miss Havisham’s Cruelty and Self-interest4
2.3 Joe Gargery’s Kindheartedness and Honesty6
3 Charles Dickens’ Moral Values7
3.1 The Main Content of Dickens’ Moral Values8
3.2 The Formation of Dickens’ Moral Values9
Conclusion12
Acknowledgements13
References14
Charles Dickens is one of the 19th outstanding representative critical realists of England who was born at Portsmouth in 1812 and had five years’ happy boyhood in Chatham. Most of his novels reproduce London and Keat frequently for that he spends most of his time over there. However, after his family is taken to the Marshalsea Prison of London for heavy debt, Dickens begins to live in poverty and his education is interrupted. Later, on account of his miserable experience in factory, he dares not walk by the place where the factory has lain.
Living in the Victorian period, Dickens witnesses wealthy capitalists and starving workers who lived under the background of industrial revolution which, to some extent, influences his literary creation. Stefan Zweig comments that “The genius who most fully expressed his contemporaries in the common interest,” (Zweig, 2009: 135) Dickens creates a large number of classical works by his talent and diligence. During his life, he creates about 15 major novels, among which are Oliver Twist (1838), The Old Curiosity Shop (1841), A Christmas Carol (1843), Dombey and Son (1848), David Copperfield (1850), Bleak House (1853), A Tale of Two Cities (1859), Great Expectations (1861). Great Expectations is a novel first serialized in All the Year Round from December 1860 to August 1861. It is not only regarded as one of his greatest and most sophisticated novels, but also as one of his most enduringly popular novels. It has been adapted for stage and screen over 250 times.
The great success of Great Expectations makes it translated into a variety of versions and many critics lavished their praise upon it. Great Expectations has received many reviews from eminent scholars at home and from abroad from all angles. There are different wide-ranging research works on Great Expectations which concern themes, characters, plots, symbolisms, social criticism and so on. Many researchers study the novel from the aspect of critical realism. Many critics argue that British critical realism originally has the factor which powerfully preaches about morality. Philip Collins points out that “Indeed, though overtly less autobiographical than David Copperfield, Great Expectations is a more searching and self-critical account of Dickens’ own inner impulses,” (Collins, 1964: 178) Guo Chunlin in his Glory of Human Nature-Thoughts on Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations argues that Dickens’ criticism of society is almost exclusively moral. He has no plan to change society; his target is human nature. As for characters, Qian Haimin thinks that Dicken’s moral values are mainly reflected on the positive character, negative character and middle character who are Joe, Miss Havisham and Pip. As for themes, Irina-Ana Drobot thinks that “the main theme of this novel is about travelling and education,” (Drobot, 2013: 57) Robin Gilmour calls that “Great Expectations is arguably the best example of a bildungsroman of morality in English,” (Gilmour, 1994: 25) Zhang Boxiang thinks that the theme that reflects in Great Expectations is very simple: love, loyalty and conscience are more important than treasure and social status.
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