不同淋洗液修复重金属污染土壤的土柱实验研究
摘要：土壤淋洗修复技术作为一种快速有效的污染土壤治理技术越来越受到重视，其适用于受高浓度重金属污染的土壤。本文以土柱淋洗模拟实验为基础，再采用对照实验的方法，分析了淋洗液种类、淋洗液浓度、pH对淋洗率的影响。然后用最适的淋洗液对土柱进行淋洗，控制流速和淋洗的间歇时间来分析淋洗的效果。结果表明，在pH=4时，使用0.7mol/L的磷酸二氢钾和0.01mol/L的次氮基三乙酸三钠的复配溶液，在较快的流速下，让淋洗液与土壤充分接触12h以上，累积淋洗率可以达到50%以上，为研究重金属污染土壤修复技术提供理论依据。
目录
摘要 错误！未定义书签。
Abstract 错误！未定义书签。
引言
引言
1 材料与方法 2
1.1 仪器及试剂 2
1.1.1 实验仪器 2
1.1.2 试剂及标准溶液 2
1.2 实验方法 2
1.2.1 实验装置 2
1.2.2 实验流程 3
1.2.3 测试方法 4
2 过程分析与结果处理 4
2.1 不同淋洗剂种类对淋洗率的影响 4
2.2 不同淋洗剂浓度对淋洗率的影响 5
2.3 不同pH对淋洗率的影响 6
2.4 不同流速对淋洗率的影响 7
2.5 不同间歇时间对淋洗率的影响 9
3 结论 10
4 展望 10
致谢 11
参考文献 11
不同淋洗液修复重金属污染土壤的土柱实验研究
The soil column experimental study about different eluent repairing heavy metal pollution in soil
Student majoring in Applied Chemistry Gao Jianbo
Tutor Tao Yaqi
Abstract：The decontamination of?soils?and wastes?pollut
*好棒文|www.hbsrm.com +Q: ￥3^5`1^9`1^6^0`7^2$
ed?with?heavy metals?presents one?of the most intractable problems for?soil?cleanup. Heavymetal pollution?of?soil?greatly affects not only the yield and quality of?crops, animal and human health, but also the quality of the whole environment. The repairing methods of heavy metals contaminated soil mainly include physical, chemical, biological methods and many other methods. As an effective technology for rapid remediation of soils highly contaminated with heavy metals， soil washing has increasingly received more attention in recent years. The article is based on the soil column leaching simulation experiment, using microwave digestion instrument, Atomic fluorescence spectrometer to calculate the full amount of arsenic in the soil under test. Then adopting control experiments to analyse the types and concentrations of eluents and the impacts of pH on leaching rate. In addition, the most proper eluent was used to elute soil column and the effect of elution was analysed by controlling velocity and aperture time of elution. Regarding the result, cumulative leaching rate can reach more than 50% if the eluent, which is a mixed solution having a pH of 4 based on 0.7 mol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.01 mol/L nitrilotriacetic acid sodium, has as much contacts as possible more than 12 hours with a relatively fast velocity. Finally, we also give the brief of the other research conditions and give the expectation of the research orientation of the technology of washing in order to provide repairing methods of heavy metals contaminated soil with theoretical foundations. All these studies provide a theoretical base for further researches.
Key words: arsenic, leaching, soil column
引言
近年来，随着我国采矿业，冶炼业的迅速发展，大量重金属不断进入地下水和土壤中。而在土壤重金属污染中，砷（As）是最常见、对公众健康危害最严重的污染物之一,我国的砷污染呈现污染范围广、污染程度深、危害严重等特点[1]。土壤中的砷污染目前已相当严重，其对环境和生物的危害极大，已经引起了世界各国科学家的高度重视，解决这个问题已经迫在眉睫。
重金属污染土壤的修复方法主要包括物理、生物和化学方法。物理修复方法虽然易于操作，但是具有时效性和不彻底性。生物修复方法治理效果好且对环境的破坏小[2]，但现阶段这种方法在我国还没有较为成熟的技术作为支撑。化学修复方法主要有淋洗法和稳定固化法。化学淋洗是通过络合或沉淀的方法，将重金属从土壤中解吸并洗脱出来，然后对含有重金属的淋洗液进行回收和处理的方法［3］。化学固定化/稳定化法指向被重金属污染的土壤中加入化学试剂或化学材料(如水泥和硅土)，使得重金属钝化形成不溶性或移动性差、毒性小的物质而降低其在污染土壤中的生物有效性，减少其向其他环境系统的迁移或结合其他修复技术手段永久地消除污染物[4]。目前化学淋洗法由于其经济环保、可操作性强越来越受到人们的关注。
目录
摘要 错误！未定义书签。
Abstract 错误！未定义书签。
引言
引言
1 材料与方法 2
1.1 仪器及试剂 2
1.1.1 实验仪器 2
1.1.2 试剂及标准溶液 2
1.2 实验方法 2
1.2.1 实验装置 2
1.2.2 实验流程 3
1.2.3 测试方法 4
2 过程分析与结果处理 4
2.1 不同淋洗剂种类对淋洗率的影响 4
2.2 不同淋洗剂浓度对淋洗率的影响 5
2.3 不同pH对淋洗率的影响 6
2.4 不同流速对淋洗率的影响 7
2.5 不同间歇时间对淋洗率的影响 9
3 结论 10
4 展望 10
致谢 11
参考文献 11
不同淋洗液修复重金属污染土壤的土柱实验研究
The soil column experimental study about different eluent repairing heavy metal pollution in soil
Student majoring in Applied Chemistry Gao Jianbo
Tutor Tao Yaqi
Abstract：The decontamination of?soils?and wastes?pollut
*好棒文|www.hbsrm.com +Q: ￥3^5`1^9`1^6^0`7^2$
ed?with?heavy metals?presents one?of the most intractable problems for?soil?cleanup. Heavymetal pollution?of?soil?greatly affects not only the yield and quality of?crops, animal and human health, but also the quality of the whole environment. The repairing methods of heavy metals contaminated soil mainly include physical, chemical, biological methods and many other methods. As an effective technology for rapid remediation of soils highly contaminated with heavy metals， soil washing has increasingly received more attention in recent years. The article is based on the soil column leaching simulation experiment, using microwave digestion instrument, Atomic fluorescence spectrometer to calculate the full amount of arsenic in the soil under test. Then adopting control experiments to analyse the types and concentrations of eluents and the impacts of pH on leaching rate. In addition, the most proper eluent was used to elute soil column and the effect of elution was analysed by controlling velocity and aperture time of elution. Regarding the result, cumulative leaching rate can reach more than 50% if the eluent, which is a mixed solution having a pH of 4 based on 0.7 mol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.01 mol/L nitrilotriacetic acid sodium, has as much contacts as possible more than 12 hours with a relatively fast velocity. Finally, we also give the brief of the other research conditions and give the expectation of the research orientation of the technology of washing in order to provide repairing methods of heavy metals contaminated soil with theoretical foundations. All these studies provide a theoretical base for further researches.
Key words: arsenic, leaching, soil column
引言
近年来，随着我国采矿业，冶炼业的迅速发展，大量重金属不断进入地下水和土壤中。而在土壤重金属污染中，砷（As）是最常见、对公众健康危害最严重的污染物之一,我国的砷污染呈现污染范围广、污染程度深、危害严重等特点[1]。土壤中的砷污染目前已相当严重，其对环境和生物的危害极大，已经引起了世界各国科学家的高度重视，解决这个问题已经迫在眉睫。
重金属污染土壤的修复方法主要包括物理、生物和化学方法。物理修复方法虽然易于操作，但是具有时效性和不彻底性。生物修复方法治理效果好且对环境的破坏小[2]，但现阶段这种方法在我国还没有较为成熟的技术作为支撑。化学修复方法主要有淋洗法和稳定固化法。化学淋洗是通过络合或沉淀的方法，将重金属从土壤中解吸并洗脱出来，然后对含有重金属的淋洗液进行回收和处理的方法［3］。化学固定化/稳定化法指向被重金属污染的土壤中加入化学试剂或化学材料(如水泥和硅土)，使得重金属钝化形成不溶性或移动性差、毒性小的物质而降低其在污染土壤中的生物有效性，减少其向其他环境系统的迁移或结合其他修复技术手段永久地消除污染物[4]。目前化学淋洗法由于其经济环保、可操作性强越来越受到人们的关注。
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