缓冲带氮磷拦截生态工程管护现状及对策研究
3
目录
引言
Research of situation and countermeasure of nitrogen and phosphorus interception of ecologic control engineering administration in Zhushan lakeshore buffer
Student majoring in ecology Fan Luo
Tutor Zhaohui Luo
Abstract：The interception of nitrogen and phosphorus in ecologic control engineering has an important role in the recovery of the buffer zone of the lake. However, due to the less of management , anthropogenic activities serve as a hindrance to the normal functioning of nitrogen and phosphorus interception project. This paper investigated the interception of nitrogen and phosphorus in ecologic control engineering of five large areas in?Zhushan Lake buffer zone during spring, summer and autumn in 2015. The results showed that the management of the interception of nitrogen and phosphorus in ecologic control engineering in the Zhushan Lake Buffer encountered many problems: high aquatic plant cover rate, single vegetation
*好棒文|www.hbsrm.com +Q: ￥351916072$
structure, unreasonable slope land use, serious damage of ecological engineering facilities, resulting in an abnormal ecologic control engineering operation. Thus, the operation and management of ecological engineering in Taihu should follow principles such as adjusting measures to local conditions, classification guidance, government guidance, public participation, construction management, focusing on longterm, who is responsible for and who benefits from the project. Meanwhile, stringent measures to protect the aquatic plants, proper management of slope, floating bed and other engineering facilities, and solid waste, improving the environmental awareness of the local residents, and establishing adequate and effective protection mechanism can help achieve a healthy ecological buffer zone.
Key words： Lake buffer zone, ecologic control engineering, managing present situation, present situation analysis , managing suggestion
湖滨缓冲带是保护隔离湖泊生境的空间，是陆地与湖泊之间的缓冲区域[1]，其主要功能之一是将近岸区域的人类活动与水体进行隔离，通过对径流中不同形态的氮磷等面源污染物进行拦截，有效控制污染物通过径流向水体迁移[2]。湖滨缓冲带在水污染控制及生态建设中扮演着重要角色[3]，恢复和重建湖滨、湿地生态系统可以对氮磷拦截起到有效作用，改善湖泊水质[4]。此外，湖滨缓冲带生态建设还具有滨岸景观、生物栖息地、廊道连接、土壤生境改良和水土保持等多种功能。加大湖滨缓冲带生态建设投入水平，恢复并提升湖滨缓冲带污染物拦截与水质净化功能，对于湖泊水环境综合治理具有重要意义。近30年来，湖泊流域内经济发展迅速，太湖流域生态环境的压力越来越大，天然的湖泊缓冲带被严重破坏[5]，当前湖滨缓冲带存在湖滨缓冲带内人口密度大，农村生活污水和生活垃圾的收集、处理率较低；湿地面积锐减，支浜淤塞且污染严重；草林系统缺乏，生物多样性低，生态环境退化严重等问题[6]。为使这一问题得以缓解，“十二五”期间，国家及地方政府投入大量资金，在太湖湖泊缓冲带内建设了氮磷拦截生态治理工程[7]。氮磷拦截生态治理工程主要是通过岸坡种植草林，支浜、沟塘种植水生植物设置多级拦截来降低水体中的氮、磷含量[8]。氮磷拦截生态治理工程包括河岸岸坡修复，水生植物修复等。在河流岸坡修复方面，世界上一些发达国家在积极研究河流岸坡的生态修复：欧美各国致力于实现城市河流的治理与生态保护相结合，实行可持续发展的河流管理理念，其中较为常用的技术是“土壤生物工程”护岸技术，通过土壤中“氮碳循环”维持工程长效运行[9]。该项技术现已形成一套比较完整的河道岸坡的生态修复技术，并得到了广泛应用[10]；荷兰强调[11]河流生态修复与防洪的结合，提出了“给河流以空间”的水资源管理项目，旨在通过开展一系列的土地、水利、空间规划等工作，提高荷兰河岸带的生态环境质量[12]；在国内，成都市府南河工程[13]是国内较大的生态环境治理工程，是从城市河流治理开始进行综合性整治的项目，在对河流截污、清淤、底泥处理以及两岸绿化等方面做了不少工作。在水生植物生态修复方面，保持生物多样性是维护生态系统稳定的重要条件[14]，创造适宜多种生物生存的水环境，增加生物多样性，使能量多元分配，有利于工程系统的长效运行。
目录
引言
Research of situation and countermeasure of nitrogen and phosphorus interception of ecologic control engineering administration in Zhushan lakeshore buffer
Student majoring in ecology Fan Luo
Tutor Zhaohui Luo
Abstract：The interception of nitrogen and phosphorus in ecologic control engineering has an important role in the recovery of the buffer zone of the lake. However, due to the less of management , anthropogenic activities serve as a hindrance to the normal functioning of nitrogen and phosphorus interception project. This paper investigated the interception of nitrogen and phosphorus in ecologic control engineering of five large areas in?Zhushan Lake buffer zone during spring, summer and autumn in 2015. The results showed that the management of the interception of nitrogen and phosphorus in ecologic control engineering in the Zhushan Lake Buffer encountered many problems: high aquatic plant cover rate, single vegetation
*好棒文|www.hbsrm.com +Q: ￥351916072$
structure, unreasonable slope land use, serious damage of ecological engineering facilities, resulting in an abnormal ecologic control engineering operation. Thus, the operation and management of ecological engineering in Taihu should follow principles such as adjusting measures to local conditions, classification guidance, government guidance, public participation, construction management, focusing on longterm, who is responsible for and who benefits from the project. Meanwhile, stringent measures to protect the aquatic plants, proper management of slope, floating bed and other engineering facilities, and solid waste, improving the environmental awareness of the local residents, and establishing adequate and effective protection mechanism can help achieve a healthy ecological buffer zone.
Key words： Lake buffer zone, ecologic control engineering, managing present situation, present situation analysis , managing suggestion
湖滨缓冲带是保护隔离湖泊生境的空间，是陆地与湖泊之间的缓冲区域[1]，其主要功能之一是将近岸区域的人类活动与水体进行隔离，通过对径流中不同形态的氮磷等面源污染物进行拦截，有效控制污染物通过径流向水体迁移[2]。湖滨缓冲带在水污染控制及生态建设中扮演着重要角色[3]，恢复和重建湖滨、湿地生态系统可以对氮磷拦截起到有效作用，改善湖泊水质[4]。此外，湖滨缓冲带生态建设还具有滨岸景观、生物栖息地、廊道连接、土壤生境改良和水土保持等多种功能。加大湖滨缓冲带生态建设投入水平，恢复并提升湖滨缓冲带污染物拦截与水质净化功能，对于湖泊水环境综合治理具有重要意义。近30年来，湖泊流域内经济发展迅速，太湖流域生态环境的压力越来越大，天然的湖泊缓冲带被严重破坏[5]，当前湖滨缓冲带存在湖滨缓冲带内人口密度大，农村生活污水和生活垃圾的收集、处理率较低；湿地面积锐减，支浜淤塞且污染严重；草林系统缺乏，生物多样性低，生态环境退化严重等问题[6]。为使这一问题得以缓解，“十二五”期间，国家及地方政府投入大量资金，在太湖湖泊缓冲带内建设了氮磷拦截生态治理工程[7]。氮磷拦截生态治理工程主要是通过岸坡种植草林，支浜、沟塘种植水生植物设置多级拦截来降低水体中的氮、磷含量[8]。氮磷拦截生态治理工程包括河岸岸坡修复，水生植物修复等。在河流岸坡修复方面，世界上一些发达国家在积极研究河流岸坡的生态修复：欧美各国致力于实现城市河流的治理与生态保护相结合，实行可持续发展的河流管理理念，其中较为常用的技术是“土壤生物工程”护岸技术，通过土壤中“氮碳循环”维持工程长效运行[9]。该项技术现已形成一套比较完整的河道岸坡的生态修复技术，并得到了广泛应用[10]；荷兰强调[11]河流生态修复与防洪的结合，提出了“给河流以空间”的水资源管理项目，旨在通过开展一系列的土地、水利、空间规划等工作，提高荷兰河岸带的生态环境质量[12]；在国内，成都市府南河工程[13]是国内较大的生态环境治理工程，是从城市河流治理开始进行综合性整治的项目，在对河流截污、清淤、底泥处理以及两岸绿化等方面做了不少工作。在水生植物生态修复方面，保持生物多样性是维护生态系统稳定的重要条件[14]，创造适宜多种生物生存的水环境，增加生物多样性，使能量多元分配，有利于工程系统的长效运行。
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